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1 cognitive theory
1) Психология: (of learning) когнитивная теория научения2) Макаров: теория познания -
2 cognitive theory
teori kognitif -
3 cognitive theory
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4 cognitive theory
spoznajna teorija -
5 Cognitive theory
புலப்பாட்டுக் கொள்கை -
6 cognitive theory of development
когнитивная теория развития; теория, созданная Ж. Пиаже, интерпретирует постепенное развитие внутренних мыслительных процессов ребенка от простого ощущения до способности к абстрактному мышлению через последовательное прохождение четырех стадий: сенсомоторной, дооперациональной, конкретно-операциональной и формально-операциональной.* * *когнитивная теория развития; теория, созданная Ж. Пиаже, интерпретирует постепенное развитие внутренних мыслительных процессов ребенка от простого ощущения до способности к абстрактному мышлению через последовательное прохождение четырех стадий: сенсомоторной, дооперациональной, конкретно-операциональной и формально-операциональной.Англо-русский словарь по социологии > cognitive theory of development
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7 cognitive theory (of learning)
Психология: когнитивная теория наученияУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > cognitive theory (of learning)
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8 cognitive theory of learning
Авиационная медицина: когнитивная теория обученияУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > cognitive theory of learning
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9 cognitive theory of learning
Англо-русский словарь по авиационной медицине > cognitive theory of learning
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10 cognitive theory (of learning)
Англо-русский словарь по психоаналитике > cognitive theory (of learning)
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11 cognitive theory (of learning)
Англо-русский словарь по психоаналитике > cognitive theory (of learning)
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12 social cognitive theory
соц., псих. = social learning theoryАнгло-русский экономический словарь > social cognitive theory
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13 theory
- theory of algorithms
- theory of central manifolds
- theory of diffraction
- theory of errors
- theory of evidence
- theory of magnetism
- theory of oscillations
- theory of relativity
- theory of reliability
- theory of vibrations
- theory of waveguides
- Abbe resolution theory
- Abrikosov-Gor'kov-Khalatnikov theory
- adaptive resonance theory
- AGK-theory
- analog adaptive resonance theory
- automata theory
- automatic control theory
- Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory
- BCS theory
- big bang theory
- binary adaptive resonance theory
- bubble stability theory
- catastrophe theory
- category theory
- Cayley theory
- circuit theory
- classical field theory
- coding theory
- cognitive theory
- cohort theory
- communication theory
- complexity theory
- consensus theory
- decision theory
- descriptive theory
- diffraction theory
- domain theory
- domain-wall motion theory
- domino theory
- elasticity theory
- electromagnetic theory
- energy-band theory
- evolutionary theory
- field theory
- fluid theory
- fuzzy adaptive resonance theory
- fuzzy-set theory
- game theory
- general theory of relativity - graph theory
- group theory
- hydrodynamical theory
- information theory
- Kramers' theory
- large-signal theory
- learning theory
- logic theory
- mapping theory
- Mattis-Bardeen theory
- Maxwell's theory
- MB theory
- meta-theory
- microscopic theory
- microwave theory - neural net theory
- normative theory
- number theory
- one-fluid plasma theory
- organization theory
- Paley-Wiener theory
- perturbation theory
- phenomenological theory - Pippard nonlocal theory
- possibility theory
- potential theory
- prescriptive theory
- probability theory
- quantum theory
- quantum theory of radiation
- quantum field theory
- quantum light theory
- queuing theory
- radio-wave propagation theory
- rational choice theory
- reliability theory
- Ridley-Watkins-Hilsum theory
- RWH theory
- sampling theory
- scheduling theory
- self-consistent field theory
- semiconductor theory
- set theory - situational theory
- small-signal theory
- solid-state theory
- special theory of relativity
- spectral theory
- spectral theory of diffraction
- spin-fluctuation theory
- stability theory
- statistical communication theory
- steady state theory
- stochastic approximation theory
- string theory
- superconductivity theory
- superstring theory
- supersymmetric theory
- switching theory
- system theory
- transmission-line theory
- two-fluid plasma theory
- unified field theory
- uniform theory
- uniform theory of diffraction
- utility theory
- Whitham theory
- Zermelo set theory -
14 Cognitive Science
The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense.... [P]eople and intelligent computers turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)2) Experimental Psychology, Theoretical Linguistics, and Computational Simulation of Cognitive Processes Are All Components of Cognitive ScienceI went away from the Symposium with a strong conviction, more intuitive than rational, that human experimental psychology, theoretical linguistics, and computer simulation of cognitive processes were all pieces of a larger whole, and that the future would see progressive elaboration and coordination of their shared concerns.... I have been working toward a cognitive science for about twenty years beginning before I knew what to call it. (G. A. Miller, 1979, p. 9)Cognitive Science studies the nature of cognition in human beings, other animals, and inanimate machines (if such a thing is possible). While computers are helpful within cognitive science, they are not essential to its being. A science of cognition could still be pursued even without these machines.Computer Science studies various kinds of problems and the use of computers to solve them, without concern for the means by which we humans might otherwise resolve them. There could be no computer science if there were no machines of this kind, because they are indispensable to its being. Artificial Intelligence is a special branch of computer science that investigates the extent to which the mental powers of human beings can be captured by means of machines.There could be cognitive science without artificial intelligence but there could be no artificial intelligence without cognitive science. One final caveat: In the case of an emerging new discipline such as cognitive science there is an almost irresistible temptation to identify the discipline itself (as a field of inquiry) with one of the theories that inspired it (such as the computational conception...). This, however, is a mistake. The field of inquiry (or "domain") stands to specific theories as questions stand to possible answers. The computational conception should properly be viewed as a research program in cognitive science, where "research programs" are answers that continue to attract followers. (Fetzer, 1996, pp. xvi-xvii)What is the nature of knowledge and how is this knowledge used? These questions lie at the core of both psychology and artificial intelligence.The psychologist who studies "knowledge systems" wants to know how concepts are structured in the human mind, how such concepts develop, and how they are used in understanding and behavior. The artificial intelligence researcher wants to know how to program a computer so that it can understand and interact with the outside world. The two orientations intersect when the psychologist and the computer scientist agree that the best way to approach the problem of building an intelligent machine is to emulate the human conceptual mechanisms that deal with language.... The name "cognitive science" has been used to refer to this convergence of interests in psychology and artificial intelligence....This working partnership in "cognitive science" does not mean that psychologists and computer scientists are developing a single comprehensive theory in which people are no different from machines. Psychology and artificial intelligence have many points of difference in methods and goals.... We simply want to work on an important area of overlapping interest, namely a theory of knowledge systems. As it turns out, this overlap is substantial. For both people and machines, each in their own way, there is a serious problem in common of making sense out of what they hear, see, or are told about the world. The conceptual apparatus necessary to perform even a partial feat of understanding is formidable and fascinating. (Schank & Abelson, 1977, pp. 1-2)Within the last dozen years a general change in scientific outlook has occurred, consonant with the point of view represented here. One can date the change roughly from 1956: in psychology, by the appearance of Bruner, Goodnow, and Austin's Study of Thinking and George Miller's "The Magical Number Seven"; in linguistics, by Noam Chomsky's "Three Models of Language"; and in computer science, by our own paper on the Logic Theory Machine. (Newell & Simon, 1972, p. 4)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Cognitive Science
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15 Cognitive Psychology
The basic reason for studying cognitive processes has become as clear as the reason for studying anything else: because they are there. Our knowledge of the world must be somehow developed from stimulus input.... Cognitive processes surely exist, so it can hardly be unscientific to study them. (Neisser, 1967, p. 5).The task of the cognitive psychologist is a highly inferential one. The cognitive psychologist must proceed from observations of the behavior of humans performing intellectual tasks to conclusions about the abstract mechanisms underlying the behavior. Developing a theory in cognitive psychology is much like developing a model for the working of the engine of a strange new vehicle by driving the vehicle, being unable to open it up to inspect the engine itself....It is well understood from the automata theory... that many different mechanisms can generate the same external behavior. (Anderson, 1980, pp. 12, 17)[Cognitive psychology does not] deal with whole people but with a very special and bizarre-almost Frankensteinian-preparation, which consists of a brain attached to two eyes, two ears, and two index fingers. This preparation is only to be found inside small, gloomy cubicles, outside which red lights burn to warn ordinary people away.... It does not feel hungry or tired or inquisitive; it does not think extraneous thoughts or try to understand what is going on. It is, in short, a computer, made in the image of the larger electronic organism that sends it stimuli and records its responses. (Claxton, 1980, p. 13)4) Cognitive Psychology Has Not Succeeded in Making a Significant Contribution to the Understanding of the Human MindCognitive psychology is not getting anywhere; that in spite of our sophisticated methodology, we have not succeeded in making a substantial contribution toward the understanding of the human mind.... A short time ago, the information processing approach to cognition was just beginning. Hopes were high that the analysis of information processing into a series of discrete stages would offer profound insights into human cognition. But in only a few short years the vigor of this approach was spent. It was only natural that hopes that had been so high should sink low. (Glass, Holyoak & Santa, 1979, p. ix)Cognitive psychology attempts to understand the nature of human intelligence and how people think. (Anderson, 1980, p. 3)6) The Rise of Cognitive Psychology Demonstrates That the Impeccable Peripheralism of Stimulus- Response Theories Could Not LastThe past few years have witnessed a noticeable increase in interest in an investigation of the cognitive processes.... It has resulted from a recognition of the complex processes that mediate between the classical "stimuli" and "responses" out of which stimulus-response learning theories hoped to fashion a psychology that would by-pass anything smacking of the "mental." The impeccable peripheralism of such theories could not last. One might do well to have a closer look at these intervening "cognitive maps." (Bruner, Goodnow & Austin, 1956, p. vii)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Cognitive Psychology
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16 theory
сущ.1) мет. теория, концепция (набор аксиом и логических рассуждений, позволяющий объяснить поведение каких-л. объектов реальности)conventional [orthodox\] theory — традиционная [ортодоксальная\] теория
See:accelerationist theory of inflation, dependency theory, descriptive theory, absolute advantage theory, accelerationist theory of inflation, acceptance theory of authority, adaptive expectations theory, agency theory, anticipated income theory, arbitrage pricing theory, attribution theory, axial theory, bargaining theory, Bayesian decision theory, behavioural decision theory, bicycle theory, bird-in-the-hand theory, buffer stock theory, capital theory, catastrophe theory, chaos theory, classical distribution theory, classical management theory, cognitive resource theory, commercial loan theory, commodity theory of money, comparative advantage theory, confidence theory, contestable markets theory, contract theory, quantity theory of money, debt deflation theory, demand theory, dependency theory, organizational theory, purchasing power parity theory2) мет. теория, метод, концепция (набор практических правил, позволяющий решать какую-л. реальную задачу для достижения определенных целей)See:ability-to-pay theory, theory of consumer choice, a priori theory of accounting, actuarial theory, administrative theory, advertising theory, compensatory fiscal theory, conduit theory, contingency theory, short interest theory, decision theory, declarative theory of statehood* * *. . Словарь экономических терминов . -
17 cognitive dissonance
а) псих. (чувство психологического дискомфорта, переживаемое индивидом в случае, когда в его сознании сталкиваются два противоречивых знания об одном и том же объекте или событии; термин предложен Л. Фестингером в 1956 г.)Ant:See:cognitive dissonance theory, cognitive structure, cognitive consistency, cognition, frustration, future shockб) рекл. (чувство напряженности, возникающее у потребителя при воздействии рекламы конкурирующих фирм, производящих похожие продукты)See:* * *«диссонанс познания»разочарование, вызванное несовпадением того, чего потребитель ожидал от продукта, и его действительными качествами; ожидания потребителя в значительной мере формируются рекламой-----беспокойство, возникающее у покупателя после приобретения какого-либо товара, заставляющее его искать подтверждение правильности сделанной покупки -
18 cognitive resource theory
упр. сокр. CRT теория интеллектуальных ресурсов* (развитие ситуационной теории Фидлера путем добавления в анализ дополнительных черт личности лидера; акцент делается на изучение ситуаций, при которых возможно эффективное использование интеллектуальных ресурсов и знаний; вопреки общепринятому мнению о том, что более умные и опытные менеджеры всегда более эффективны, было обнаружено, что это не всегда так; предложена Ф. Фидлером и Дж. Гарсиа в 1987 г. в книге "New Approaches to Leadership, Cognitive Resources and Organizational Performance")See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > cognitive resource theory
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19 cognitive dissonance theory
псих. теория диссонанса сознания (теория созданная Л. Фестингером, согласно которой люди стремятся приводить свои установки во взаимное соответствие, чтобы устранить когнитивный диссонанс)See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > cognitive dissonance theory
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20 cognitive consistency theory
теория умозрительной согласованности; теория, в основе которой лежит положение о том, что индивиды стремятся поддерживать согласованность между своими верованиями и действиями, между самооценками и тем, как их оценивают другие.* * *теория умозрительной согласованности; теория, в основе которой лежит положение о том, что индивиды стремятся поддерживать согласованность между своими верованиями и действиями, между самооценками и тем, как их оценивают другие.Англо-русский словарь по социологии > cognitive consistency theory
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